Individualismus versus Kulturalismus in der Bioethik an Beispielen aus den USA und Kanada
Abstract
Der Artikel konzentriert sich auf den Spannungen zwischen den kulturalistischen und individualistischen Tendenzen im nordamerikanischen bioethischen Diskurs. Er beschreibt und untersucht die Beispiele der Entstehung des Kulturalismus in der Bioethik in den USA und in Kanada. Die auf dem Begriff der Autonomie des Patienten beruhende Bioethik wird überwiegend mit der westlichen Kultur assoziiert, während der Kulturalismus den kulturellen Bioethiken in anderen Weltteilen ˗ Lateinamerika, Asien und Afrika ˗ zugeschrieben wird. Der Verfasser des Artikels kommt jedoch entgegen dieser Überzeugung zum Schluss, dass eine kulturalistische Einstellung zur Bioethik den westlichen Ländern, wo sie mit den Prozessen der Bildung von Gruppen-, Subkultur- oder Nationalidentität einhergeht, nicht fremd ist. Die Bioethik wird zum Medium der Entstehung, Verstärkung und Verwirklichung von kulturellen Unterschieden.
Schlagworte
Volltext:
PDF (Język Polski)Literaturhinweise
Appadurai, Arjun. „Putting hierarchy in its place.” Cultural Anthropology, 1988, nr 3: 36–49.
Appadurai, Arjun. Nowoczesność bez granic. Kulturowe wymiary globalizacji. Tłum. Zbigniew Pucek. Kraków: Universitas, 2005.
Assmann, Jan. Pamięć kulturowa. Tłum. Anna Kryczyńska-Pham. Warszawa: WUW, 2008.
Aviv, Rachel. „What does it mean to die?” New York Times. 05.02.2018. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/02/05/what-does-it-mean-to-die (dostęp: 30.07.2018).
Azetsop, Jacquineau. „New Direction in African Bioethics: Ways of Including Public Health Concerns in the Bioethical Agenda.” Developing World Bioethics 11, nr 1 (2011): 4–15.
Beauchamp, Tom, James F. Childress. Biomedical Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Becker, Carl B. „Problem of “Principlism” in WASP Bioethics.” W: Bioethics in Asia. The Proceedings of the UNESCO Asian Bioethics Conference (ABC’97) and the WHO-assisted Satellite Symposium on Medical Genetics Services, 3-8 Nov, 1997 in Kobe/Fukui, Japan. red. Norio Fujiki, Daryl Macer, 77–80. Christchurch: Eubios, 1998.
Biedrzycki, Mariusz. „Eksperymenty biomedyczne na ludziach.” Znak, 1996, nr 12: 65.
Bleich, David J. „Establishing Criteria of Death.” W: Jewish Bioethics, red. Fred Rosner, David J. Bleich, 277–295. New York: Hebrew Publishing Company, 1983.
Cranford, Ronald E. „A common Uniqueness: Medical Facts in the Schiavo Case.” W: The Case of Terri Schiavo. Ethics, Politics, and Death in the 21st Century, red. Kenneth Goodman, 112–136. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Eisenberg, Jon B. „The Continuing Assault on Personal Autonomy in the Wake of the Schaiavo Case.” W: The Case of Terri Schiavo. Ethics, Politics, and Death in the 21st Century, red. Kenneth Goodman, 101–110. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Erickson, Stephen A. „Family Life, Bioethics and Confucianism.” W: The Family, Medical Decision-Making, and Biotechnology, red. Shui Ch. Lee, 47–58. Dordrecht-London: Springer, 2007.
Engelhardt, Tristan H. „The Family in Transition and in Authority. The Impact of Biotechnology.” W: The Family, Medical Decision-Making, and Biotechnology, red. Shui Ch. Lee, 27–45. Dordrecht-London: Springer, 2007.
Fan, Ruiping. „Confucian Familism and Its Bioethical Implications.” W: The Family, Medical Decision-Making, and Biotechnology, red. Shui Ch. Lee, 15–26. Dordrecht-London: Springer, 2007.
Frolic, Andrea, Coughlin, Michela D. Keating, Bernard. „The Dominion of Bioethics. Nationalism and Canadian Bioethics.” W: Bioethics around the Globe, red. Catherine Myser, 191–215. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Garcia, Jorge L.A. „Revisiting African American Perspectives on Biomedical Ethics: Distinctiveness and Other Questions.” W: African American Bioethics. Culture, Race, and Identity, red. Lawrence Prograis, Edmund D. Pellegrino, 1-24. Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2007.
Goldberg, David T. Multiculturalism: A Critical Reader. Londyn-Nowy Jork: Routledge, 1994.
Iltis, Ana S. „Bioethics and the Culture Wars.” Christian Bioethics 17, nr 1 (2011): 9–24.
Ip, Po-Keung. „Confucian Personhood and Bioethics.” W: Bioethics: Asian Perspectives, red. Ren-Zong Qiu, 49–56. London-Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
Legarda Calderón, Germán A. „A Critical Reading of Latin American Bioethics.” W: Ibero-American Bioethics. History and Perspectives, red. Leo Pessini, Christian De Paul de Barchifontaine, Fernando Lolas Stepke, 359–368. New York: Springer, 2010.
Mainetti, José Alberto. „The Discourses of Bioethics in Latin America.” W: Ibero-American Bioethics. History and Perspectives, red. Leo Pessini, Christian De Paul de Barchifontaine, Fernando Lolas Stepke. Tłum. Jeniffer Bulcock, Adail Sobral, Maria S. Gonçalves, 21–27. New York: Springer, 2010.
Mfutso-Bengo, Joseph, Masiye, Francis. „Toward an African Ubuntulogy/uMunthology Bioethics in Malawi in The Context of Globalization.” W: Bioethics around the Globe, red. Catherine Myser, 151–163. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Onuoha, Chikezie. Bioethics Across Borders. An African Perspective. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, 2007.
Penistone, Reginald L. „Does an African American Perspective Alter Clinical Ethical Decision Making at the Bedside.” W: African American Bioethics. Culture, Race, and Identity, red. Lawrence Prograis, Edmund D. Pellegrino, 127–136. Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2007.
Singer, Peter. O życiu i śmierci. Upadek etyki tradycyjnej. Tłum. Anna Alichniewicz. Warszawa: PIW, 1997.
Strządała, Agata. „Pojęcie rasy w bioetyce afro amerykańskiej.” Tematy z Szewskiej 3, nr 3 (2014): 9–22.
Sy, Peter A. „Doing Bioethics in the Philippines: Challenges and Intersections of Culture(s) and Medicine(s),” W: The Proceedings of the UNESCO Asian Bioethics Conference (ABC’97) and the WHO-assisted Satellite Symposium on Medical Genetics Services, 3-8 Nov, 1997 in Kobe/Fukui, Japan, red. Norio Fujiki, Daryl Macer, 103–106. Christchurch: Eubios, 1998.
Tan-Alora, Angeles, Lumitao, Josephine M. „An Introduction to an Authentically Non-Western Bioethics.” W: Beyond a Western Bioethics, red. Angeles Tan-Alora, Josephine M. Lumitao, 2–20. Waszyngton: Georgetown University Press, 2001.
Tan-Alora, Angeles, Tiong, Danilo Josephine M. Lumitao. „The Family versus the Individual: Family Planning.” W: Beyond a Western Bioethics, red. Angeles Tan-Alora, Josephine M. Lumitao, 30–39. Waszyngton: Georgetown University Press, 2001.
Trompenaars, Alfons, Hampden-Turner, Charles. Siedem wymiarów kultury: znaczenie róż-nic kulturowych w działalności gospodarczej. Tłum. Bogumiła Nawrot. Kraków: Oficyna Ekonomiczna, 2002.
de Vries, Raymond, Rott, Leslie. „Bioethics as Missionary Work. The export of Western Ethics to Developing Countries.” W: Bioethics Around the Globe, red. Catherine Myser, 3–18. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/29/health/jahi-mcmath-brain-dead-teen-death/index.html (dostęp 30.07.2018).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/kw.2018.26.221-246
Date of publication: 2019-01-22 00:30:39
Date of submission: 2018-08-30 09:21:15
Statistiken
Indikatoren
Refbacks
- Im Moment gibt es keine Refbacks
Copyright (c) 2019 Agata Strządała
Lizenz-URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.pl