Psychological Challenges Faced by Social Welfare Beneficiaries: a Review of Issues and Support Methods

Abstract

The article presents a review of the literature on the psychological challenges faced by individuals relying on social assistance. The aim of the analysis is to identify the most common mental health difficulties and to assess the significance of psychological support in the process of social and professional reintegration. Particular attention is given to chronic stress, lowered self-esteem, learned helplessness syndrome, as well as social stigma and self-stigmatization. Adaptive mechanisms are discussed, both constructive – supporting the development of psychological resilience, and destructive – contributing to deepening isolation and reinforcing dependence on the welfare system. The article presents empirical findings indicating that a key factor in reintegration is access to adequate forms of psychological support, closely linked to social assistance measures. It is emphasized that the lack of emotional support and social networks constitutes a significant barrier to overcoming crisis situations. The role of social assistance institutions is also highlighted; beyond their control and evaluative functions, they should adopt a partnership-oriented perspective based on empathy and the strengthening of beneficiaries’ sense of agency. The literature review clearly demonstrates that lasting improvements in psychological well-being and effective integration of individuals at risk of marginalization are only possible through a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach that combines psychological, educational, and social components.