Cechy charakterystyczne polityki zagranicznej Szwecji i Norwegii wobec Rosji: główne problemy i wyzwania

Oleh Kotlyar

Streszczenie w języku polskim


W artykule przedstawione zostały cechy charakteresytyczne polityki zagranicznej Szwecji i Norwegii wobec Rosji. Ramy chronologiczne pracy obejmują okres od upadku ZSRR oraz początku funkcjonowania Federacji Rosyjskiej jako oddzielnego aktora na arenie międzynarodowej i do czasów współczesnych. Autor analizuje ewolucję polityki państw skandynawskich wobec Rosji. W artykule wyznaczone są główne akcenty polityki tych państw w stosunkach z Federacją Rosyjską. Badacz przedstawia główne wyzwania, wobec których stoją dziś Szwecja i Norwegia w procesie realizacji owej polityki wobec Rosji.


Słowa kluczowe


polityka zagraniczna, Rosja, Szwecja, Norwegia, polityka dualna, bezpieczeństwo regionalne

Pełny tekst:

PDF (English)

Bibliografia


Axe D., Su-27: This Plane Could Start a War Between Russia and NATO, https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/su-27-plane-could-start-war-between-russia-nato-23202, 03 X 2019

Bildt C., Information from the Government to the Riksdag concerning Ukraine and Russia, Government Offices of Sweden, 14 March 2014

Bildt C., Russia and the World - A View from Abroad, Government Offices of Sweden, Moscow, 21 May 2011

Bildt C., Russia's justification of its offensive deeply ominous, Ministry for Foreign Affairs Sweden, 2008

Bildt C., Statement of Government Policy in the Parliamentary Debate on Foreign Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs Sweden, Stockholm, 2007, 13 p.

Bildt C., Statement of Government Policy in the Parliamentary Debate on Foreign Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs Sweden, Stockholm, 2009, 12 p.

Bildt C., Statement of Government Policy in the Parliamentary Debate on Foreign Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs Sweden, Stockholm,2012, 14 p.

Bildt C., Statement of Government Policy in the Parliamentary Debate on Foreign Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs Sweden, Stockholm, 2014, 12 p.

Bildt C., The Ukraine Crisis: What's Next for Europe? Speech at the Summit on the Future of Europe, Government Offices of Sweden, 22 September 2014

Borger J., Norway to restructure military in response to Russian 'aggression', https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/25/norway-to-restructure-military-in-response-to-russian-aggression, access: 03 X 2019

Challenge, on substantive grounds, of the still unratified credentials of the parliamentary delegation of the Russian Federation, http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/Votes/DB-VotesResults-EN.asp?VoteID=37990&DocID=19023&selSession=, access: 06 X 2019

Country strategy for development cooperation with Russia 2002 – 2004, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Department for Central and Eastern Europe, Stockholm, 2002, 26 p.

Country strategy for development cooperation with Russia 2005 – 2008, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Department for Central and Eastern Europe, Stockholm, 2005, 26 p.

Crimea referendum illegal and illegitimate, https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/illegal_referendum/id753120/, access: 21 IX 2019

Ekfeldt T., High North - low tension?, Lund 2017, 26 p.

Foreign Minister Brende: ‘Regrettable Russian import ban’, https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/Foreign-Minister-Brende-Regrettable-Russian-import-ban/id765590/, access: 21 IX 2019

Frissel E., I. Oldberg, “Cool Neighbors”: Sweden’s EU Presidency and Russia, IFRI, 2009, № 42, 20 p.

Gerhardsen W., How Norway promotes democracy in North-West Russia, Oslo 2007. 115 p.

Harding L., Russia and Norway resolve Arctic border dispute, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/15/russia-norway-arctic-border-dispute, access: 18 IX 2019

Interests, Responsibilities and Opportunities The main features of Norwegian foreign policy, Report No.15 (2008–2009) to the Storting, 197 p.

Kempf O., Friends in need. The Swedish Declaration of Solidarity, http://www.egeablog.net/index.php?post/2012/09/29/Friends-in-need.-

The-Swedish-Declaration-of-Solidarity, access: 15 IX 2019

M. Krever, Norway: 'We are faced with a different Russia', https://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/25/world/amanpour-norway-ine-eriksen-soreide/index.html, access: 04 X 2019

M. Wallstrom, Statement of Government Policy in the Parliamentary Debate on Foreign Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs Sweden, Stockholm, 2015, 8 p.

Measures against individuals whose actions threaten Ukraine’s territorial integrity, https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/Measures_against_individuals_whose_actions_threaten_Ukraines_territorial_integrity/id753686/, access: 21 IX 2019

National Security Strategy, Government Offices of Sweden, Prime Minister’s Office, 2017, 26 p.

Nord Stream 2 gets green light from Sweden, https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2054&artikel=6971876, access: 06 X 2019

Norway condemns Russia’s annexation of Crimea, https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/condemns_russia/id753260/, access: 21 IX 2019

Norway condemns Russian military escalation in Crimea, https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/crimea/id752064/, access: 21 IX 2019

Norway suspends all planned military activities with Russia, https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/Norway-suspends-all-planned-military-activities-with-Russia-/id753887/, access: 21 IX 2019

Norway tightens restrictive measures against Russia, https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/Norway-tightens-restrictive-measures-against-Russia-/id2005821/, access: 21 IX 2019

Norway’s Arctic Policy, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2014, 23 p.

Norway’s Role and Interests in Multilateral Cooperation, Meld. St. 27 (2018–2019) Report to the Storting (white paper), Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2019, 80 p.

Oldberg I., Russia’s “northern’’ foreign policy, Research Associate Swedish Institute of International Affairs, Stockholm, 2011, 8 p.

Russian jets spotted in Swedish airspace, https://www.thelocal.se/20140918/russian-jets-violate-swedish-airspace-report, access: 03 X 2019

Russian spies pose as diplomats in Sweden, https://www.thelocal.se/20160317/russia-is-conducting-psychological-war-against-sweden, access: 04 X 2019

Sanktioner avseende Ryssland och Ukraina, https://www.regeringen.se/regeringens-politik/utrikes--och-sakerhetspolitik/sanktioner/sanktioner-avseende-ryssland-och-ukraina/, access: 29 IX 2019

Solberg and Søreide to Putin’s Grand Arctic Conference, https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/solberg-and-soreide-putins-grand-arctic-conference, access: 06 X 2019

Speech by Carl Bildt at the OSCE Ministerial Council, Government Offices of Sweden, Vilnius, 06 December 2011

Standish R., A New Cold Front in Russia’s Information War, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/10/03/the-new-cold-front-in-russias-information-war-nato-norway/, access: 04 X 2019

Sweden and Finland Grant Permits to Nord Stream, https://www.nord-stream.com/press-info/press-releases/sweden-and-finland-grant-permits-to-nord-stream-255/, access: 15 IX 2019

Sweden helping Chechen 'bandits': Russia, https://www.thelocal.se/20100309/25432, access: 13 IX 2019

Sweden invokes Hitler in condemning Russian assault, https://www.thelocal.se/20080809/13596, access: 13 IX 2019

Sweden pushes for tougher Russia sanctions, http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2054&artikel=5916241, access: 29 IX 2019

The Arctic: major opportunities – major responsibilities, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2013, 12 p.

The High North: visions and strategies, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2011, 44 p.

Unifiied Effort Expert Commission on Norwegian Security and Defence Policy, Norwegian Ministry of Defence, 2015, 105 p.

Wesslau F., View from Stockholm: The EU must stay the course, http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_view_from_stockholm_the_eu_must_stay_the_course311443, access: 29 IX 2019

Karł Bildt: jubilejnyj portriet antirossijskogo szwiedskogo “jastrieba”




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/we.2020.6.2.97-113
Data publikacji: 2020-12-28 21:24:30
Data złożenia artykułu: 2020-01-13 12:21:17


Statystyki


Widoczność abstraktów - 1877
Pobrania artykułów (od 2020-06-17) - PDF (English) - 0

Wskaźniki



Odwołania zewnętrzne

  • Brak odwołań zewnętrznych


Prawa autorskie (c) 2020 Oleh Kotlyar

Creative Commons License
Powyższa praca jest udostępniana na lcencji Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.