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Wyślij tekst przez e-mail Rozwój koncepcji rezerwatów biosfery UNESCO
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Od samego początku koncepcja rezerwatów biosfery ewoluowała wraz z opracowywaniem dokumentów międzynarodowych, zarówno wiążących, jak i niewiążących, przyjętych w szczególności pod auspicjami Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Działania te zawsze były ze sobą ściśle powiązane. Ich celem była promocja harmonijnego współistnienia ludzi i środowiska – celu kluczowego dla misji rezerwatów biosfery. Uwzględniają one postęp technologiczny i zrównoważony rozwój, a także potrzebę zachowania różnorodności biologicznej i zasobów naturalnych dla obecnych i przyszłych pokoleń. W dniach 22–26 września 2025 r. decydenci polityczni, naukowcy, przedsiębiorcy i ekolodzy spotkali się w Hangzhou w Chinach na V Światowym Kongresie Rezerwatów Biosfery. Wspólnie ustalono przyszły kierunek rozwoju rezerwatów biosfery i Światowej Sieci Rezerwatów Biosfery. Celem Kongresu było określenie, jakie działania należy podjąć w odpowiedzi na aktualne wyzwania, zwłaszcza te związane ze zmianami klimatu, degradacją gleby, pustynnieniem, degradacją środowiska morskiego, a także sprecyzowanie roli rezerwatów biosfery w pokonywaniu tych trudności. Na zakończenie Kongresu uczestnicy zatwierdzili Strategiczny Plan Działania z Hangzhou oraz Deklarację z Hangzhou, w których podkreślono kluczową rolę rezerwatów biosfery w odpowiedzi na dzisiejsze wyzwania. Co więcej, mocno akcentują one prawnoczłowieczy element rezerwatów biosfery, uwzględniając ich szczególną rolę w zachowaniu zasobów przez ludność tubylczą, społeczności lokalne, kobiety oraz młodzież. Artykuł stanowi wkład w trwającą dyskusję na temat ewoluującej roli rezerwatów biosfery i Światowej Sieci Rezerwatów Biosfery w odniesieniu do zachowania globalnej różnorodności biologicznej i zrównoważonego rozwoju. Ponadto zasugerowano, że rezerwaty biosfery i Światowa Sieć Rezerwatów Biosfery mogłyby służyć efektywnej implementacji postanowień dokumentów międzynarodowych odnoszących się do zagadnień związanych z ochroną środowiska i zrównoważonym rozwojem.
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LITERATURE
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ONLINE SOURCES
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MISCELLANEOUS
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DOCUMENTS
A New Roadmap for the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme and its World Network of Biosphere Reserves: MAB Strategy (2015–2025), Lima Action Plan (2016–2025), Lima Declaration, UNESCO, Paris 2017.
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Biosphere Reserves: The Seville Strategy and Statutory Framework of the World Network, UNESCO, Paris 1996.
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Final Evaluation of the Madrid Action Plan for Biosphere Reserves, OS/EVS/PI/139REV, May 2014.
Hangzhou Strategic Action Plan for the UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme and its World Network of Biosphere Reserves (2026–2035).
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International Coordinating Council of the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, 37th Session, Lin’an, Hangzhou, China, 26–28 September 2025, SC-25/CONF.237/11, Paris, 26 August 2025.
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Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, adopted during the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP 15), CBD/COP/DEC/15/4, 19 December 2022.
Lima Action Plan for UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme and its World Network, endorsed by the 4th World Congress of Biosphere Reserves on 17 March 2016, adopted by the 28th MAB ICC on 19 March 2016, Lima, Peru, and approved by the 200th session of the Executive Board of UNESCO on 11 October 2016.
Lima Declaration on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme and its World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR), adopted on 17 March 2016 at the 4th World Congress of Biosphere Reserves in Lima, Peru, S.C.16/CONF.228/12.
Madrid Action Plan for Biosphere Reserves (2008–2013).
Madrid Declaration on the UNESCO and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme and the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR), Madrid, 8 February 2008.
Medium-Term Strategy including the Revised Operational Strategy for Priority Africa, the revised UNESCO Priority Gender Equality Action Plan for 2014–2021, and the Operational Strategy on Youth, 2014–2021, 37 C/4.
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LEGAL ACTS
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Charter of the United Nations, signed in San Francisco on 26 June 1945.
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Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, A/RES/70/1, 21 October 2015.
UNESCO General Conference, 28th Session, Paris 1995, 28 C/29, Annex I, II, 17 August 1995.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2026.35.1.169-197
Data publikacji: 2026-06-24 10:10:05
Data złożenia artykułu: 2025-10-22 22:09:26
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