Kazakhstan in the People’s Republic of China’s Energy Security Policy

Justyna Misiągiewicz

Streszczenie w języku polskim


Nowadays, energy security is a growing concern in the state foreign policy. The interdependency in the energy field is a very important dimension of the contemporary relations between states and transnational corporations. The Central Asia region is not only the undiscovered reservoir of oil and gas, but also the strategic “chessboard” with many internal and external players, where the new great game started after the Cold War. Kazakhstan, because of the geopolitical position in the center of Eurasia, and as one of the biggest producer of energy resources, is becoming significant in the international energy market. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it became open to foreign investments. The growing energy needs have given the People’s Republic of China (PRC) a strong interest in developing ties with energy-producing states in the Central Asia region to build necessary pipeline infrastructure [Kandiyoti 2008]. Kazakhstan is getting increasing importance in this context. Kazakhstan and all Central Asia region seems the most likely to play an important role in the Chinese strategy to reduce its dependence on energy supplies from the Middle East.


Słowa kluczowe


Kazakhstan, China’s energy policy, energy security, pipelines

Pełny tekst:

PDF (English)

Bibliografia


Assanbayev, M.B. 2016. Kazakhstan’s Energy Policy on the Eve of Kashagan Oil Field Production, “Caucasus International”, vol. 6(2).

Babak, V. 2006. The Oil and Gas Sector in Kazakhstan, “Central Asia and the Caucasus”, vol. 40, pp. 41–55.

Badykov, N. 2015. A New Era for Caspian Oil and Gas, https://www.csis.org/analysis/new-era-caspian-oil-and-gas (access: 29.07.2016).

Baizakova, K.I. 2010. Energy Security Issues in the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, “American Foreign Policy Interests”, vol. 32(2), pp. 103–109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10803921003697674.

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2018, https://www.bp.com/ (access: 29.01.2019).

Brzeziński, Z. 1998. Wielka szachownica: główne cele polityki amerykańskiej, Świat Książki, Warszawa.

Buzan, B., Wæver, O., de Wilde, J. 1998. Security: A New Framework for Analysis, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder.

Chervinskyi, O. 2015. Kashagan kak bolshoy chemodan, http://www.ratel.kz/raw/kashagan_kak_chemodan (access: 10.12.2017).

China’s CNPC imports first gas from Kazakhstan ahead of winter. 2017. Reuters, 23.10.

Cohen, A. 2008. Kazakhstan: The Road to Independence. Energy Policy and the Birth of a Nation, John Hopkins University–Institute for Security and Development Policy, Washington, D.C.–Stockholm.

Cole, B.D. 2003. “Oil for the Lamps of China”: Beijing’s 21st-Century Search for Energy, “McNair Paper”, no. 67, p. 113.

Demir, I. 2010. Revival of the Silk Road in Terms of Energy Trade, “Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi”, vol. 9(3), pp. 513–532.

Energy Will be the Basis of the 12th Five-Year Plan of China. 2010. “Rosbalt”, 15.10, www.rosbalt.ru/main/2010/10/15/780995.html (access: 10.12.2015).

EU Energy in Figures Statistical Pocketbook 2016, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/pocketbook_energy-2016_web-final_final.pdf (access: 10.12.2017).

Fredholm, M. 2011. Globalization and Eurasia’s Energy Sector, “The Journal of Central Asian Studies”, vol. 20, pp. 1–18.

Garrison, J.A., Abdurahmonov, A. 2011. Explaining the Central Asia Energy Game: Complex Interdependence and How Small States Influence Their Big Neighbours, “Asian Perspective”, vol. 35(3), pp. 381–405, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/apr.2011.0004.

Georgescu, S., Munteanu, M., Garayev, T. 2013. Positions of the States Involved in Energy Project in the South Caucasus, “Constanta Maritime University Annals”, vol. 18(2), pp. 289–296.

Ghafouri, M. 2008. The Caspian Sea: Rivalry and Cooperation, “Middle East Policy”, vol. 15(2), p. 81.

Hall, G., Grant, T. 2009. Russia, China and the Energy-Security Politics of the Caspian Sea Region after the Cold War, “Mediterranean Quarterly”, vol. 20(2), p.124.

Howell S. 2009. Jia You! (Add Oil!): Chinese Energy Security Strategy, [in:] Energy Security Challenges for 21st Century, G. Luft, A. Korin (eds.), ABC Clio, Santa Barbara–Denver–Oxford.

Index Mundi, https://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=136&c=aj&l=en (access: 10.12.2018).

Iseri, E. 2009. The US Grand Strategy and the Eurasian Heartland in the Twenty-First Century, “Geopolitics”, vol. 14, pp. 26–46, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650040802578658.

Jun, W. 2010. China’s Oil Security System Build-Up, Beijing.

Kandiyoti, R. 2008. What Price Access to the Open Seas? The Geopolitics of Oil and Gas Transmission from the Trans-Caspian republics, “Central Asian Survey”, vol. 27(1), pp. 75–93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02634930802221232.

Kazakhstan 2050 Renewable Energy development in Kazakhstan is profitable and favorable. 2016, https://strategy2050.kz/ru/news/1567/ (access: 3.09.2016).

Kazakhstan to Continue Oil Exploration in Caspian Shelf in 2015, “Ak Zhaiyk” 14.01, http://azh.kz/en/news/view/5326 (access: 26.04.2017).

Klare, M.T. 2008. Energy Security, [in:] Security Studies: An Introduction, P.D. Williams (ed.), Routledge, London–New York.

Labban, M. 2009. The Struggle for the Heartland: Hybrid Geopolitics in the Transcaspian, “Geopolitics”, vol. 14(1), pp. 1–25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650040802578641.

Lin, C. 2010. The Caspian Sea: China’s Silk Road Strategy Converges with Damascus, “China Brief”, vol. 10(17), pp. 9–12.

Mantel, R. 2016. Energy Security Strategy in Kazakhstan: Environmental Security and Renewable Energy Sources, “Caucasus International”, vol. 6(2), pp. 139–150.

McCarthy, J. 2000. The Geopolitics of Caspian Oil, “Jane’s Intelligence Review”, July.

Misiągiewicz, J. 2012. Geopolitics and Energy Security in the Caspian Region, “TEKA Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych”, vol. 7, pp. 61–79.

Misiągiewicz, M. 2013. Energy Security of People’s Republic of China – Western Dimension, “Facta Simonidis”, vol. 6(1), pp. 151–166.

Misiągiewicz, J., Misiągiewicz, M. 2016. China’s “One Belt, One Road” Initiative – the Perspective of the European Union, “Annales UMCS, Sec. K”, vol. XXIII(1), pp. 33–42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/k.2016.23.1.33.

Misiągiewicz, M., Ziętek, A. 2008. Działania Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej w regionie, [in:] Region Azji Centralnej jako obszar wpływów międzynarodowych, B. Bojarczyk, A. Ziętek (eds.), Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin.

Nechaeva, E., Li, W. 2017. The Rise of China and Its Energy Security Prospect, [in:] Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne we współczesnych stosunkach międzynarodowych. Wyzwania, zagrożenia, perspektywy, M. Pietraś, J. Misiągiewicz (eds.), Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin.

Newman, S. 2008. The Final Energy Crisis, Pluto Press, London.

Oil Price, https://oilprice.com/Energy/Crude-Oil/The-Battle-For-Chinas-Oil-Market.html (access: 12.04.2017).

Penerliev, M. 2012. Asian “Energy Players” and Their Role in the Balkan Energy Strategy, “Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning”, vol. 3(2), p. 4.

Pietraś, M. 2017. Autonomiczność bezpieczeństwa energetycznego w stosunkach międzynarodowych, [in:] Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne we współczesnych stosunkach międzynarodowych. Wyzwania, zagrożenia, perspektywy., M. Pietraś, J. Misiągiewicz (eds.), Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin.

Russia Direct, http://www.russia-direct.org/analysis/china-russia-and-new-great-game-central-asia (access: 12.04.2017).

Rywkin, M. 2005. Stability in Central Asia: Engaging Kazakhstan. A Report (With Policy Recommendations) on U.S. Interests in Central Asia and U.S.–Kazakhstan Relations, National Committee on American Foreign Policy, New York, http://www.ncafp.org/articles/05%20Kazahkstan% 205-05.pdf (access: 26.03.2016).

Sorbello, P. 2016. Kashagan Restart Gives Kazakhstan Hope, “The Diplomat”, 17.10, http://thediplomat.com/2016/10/kashagan-restart-gives-kazakhstan-hope/ (access: 12.11.2016).

The 11th Five-Year Plan, http://english.gov.cn/special/115y_index.htm (access: 26.03.2017).

Vidyanova, A. 2016. Zalojennaya tsena na neft v budjet na 2016 god realistichna, “Kapital” 2.01, https://kapital.kz/economic/47247/zalozhennaya-cena-na-neft-v-byudzhet-na-2016-god-realistichna.html (access: 26.04.2017).

Wacker, G. 2014. Shared Destiny: New Silk Road between China and Europe, “Friends of Europe” 24.10, http://www.friendsofeurope.org/global-europe/shared-destiny-new-silk-road-china-europe/ (access: 26.03.2015).

Xiaoqin, C. 2012. Central Asian Factors in Energy Relationship between China and Russia, “Asian Social Science”, vol. 8(7), pp. 33–39, DOI: http:// dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v8n7p33.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/k.2019.26.2.25-43
Data publikacji: 2019-12-28 00:00:00
Data złożenia artykułu: 2019-11-13 21:38:38


Statystyki


Widoczność abstraktów - 1737
Pobrania artykułów (od 2020-06-17) - PDF (English) - 633

Wskaźniki



Odwołania zewnętrzne

  • Brak odwołań zewnętrznych


Prawa autorskie (c) 2020 Justyna Misiągiewicz

Creative Commons License
Powyższa praca jest udostępniana na lcencji Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.