The New Devolution in Wales as a Result of Emerging the Small Nation
Abstract
In this article, an author proves that devolution based on the national identity fosters political development in Wales. The main historical facts are briefly recalled, coming smoothly to Tony Blair’s reforms and their partly failure. Author considers them as irreversible process’ elements, later continued by David Cameron who saw them as vital to awake national identity of Wales. Such efforts finally result in economic success of the whole region, based on devolution of powers, as it is concluded at the end.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
The Welsh Church Act 1914 (1914, c. 91)
The Welsh Language Act 1993 (1993, c. 38)
The Government of Wales Act 1998 (1998, c. 32)
The Government of Wales Act 2006 (2006, c. 32)
The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 (2013, c. 20)
The Wales Act 2014 (2014, c. 29)
Ackroyd, P. 2012. London. A Concise Biography, Vintage, London
Altermatt, U. 1998. Sarajewo przestrzega. Etnonacjonalizm w Europie, Znak, Kraków
Blacburn, R., Kennon, A. 2003. Parliament. Functions, Practice and Procedures, Sweet
& Maxwell, London
Bogdanor, V. 1999. Devolution in the UK, Oxford University Press, Oxford
Bokszczanin, I. 2003. Rząd Zjednoczonego Królestwa Wielkiej Brytanii i Północnej Irlandii, [in:] Rządy w państwach Europy, E. Zieliński, I. Bokszczanin (ed.), Elipsa, Warszawa
Bradley, A. 2004. The Sovereignty of Parliament – Form or Substance [in:] The Changing Constitution, J. Jowell & D. Oliver (ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford
Burns, W.E.. 2010. A Brief History of Great Britain, FactsOnFile, New York
Carman, C.J. 2015. United Kingdom [in:] Politics in Europe, M.D. Hancock et al. (ed.),
th edition, SAGE, London
Chandler, J.A., 2009. Local government today, Manchester University Press, Manchester http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800009287
Cole, A., 2006. Beyond Devolution and decentralisation. Building regional capacity in Wales and Brittany, Manchester University Press, Manchester http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719070921001.0001
Copus, C. 2006. Leading the Localities. Executive Mayors in English Local Government, Manchester University Press, Manchester
http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719071867.001.0001
Davies, N. 2004. Europa, Znak, Kraków
Davies, N. 2003. Wyspy, Znak, Kraków
Dunleavy, P. 2006. The Westminster Model and the Distinctivness of British Politics [in:] Development in British Politics, P. Cowley et al., 8th edition, Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke
Giddens, A. 2010. Tony Blair, 1997-2007 [in:] From New Jerusalem to New Labour,
V. Bogdanor (ed.), Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke
Kubas, S. 2004. Parlament szkocki. Dewolucja – wyzwanie dla Zjednoczonego Królestwa, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa
Laws, D., 2010. 22 days in May. The Birth of the Lib Dem-Conservative Coalition, Biteback, London
Marczewska-Rytko, M., 2015. Kategoria nowych ruchów społecznych w wybranych ujęciach teoretycznych [in:] Ideologie, ruchy społeczne i polityczne. Wybrane problemy. M. Marczewska-Rytko (ed.), UMCS, Lublin
Michałowski, S. 2008. Uwarunkowania pełnienia ról przywódczych w samorządzie terytorialnym [in:] Przywództwo lokalne a kształtowanie demokracji partycypacyjnej,
K. Kuć-Czajkowska, S. Michałowski (ed.), UMCS, Lublin
Morgan-Trimmer, S. 2012. Participation outcomes in governance networks: the role of network [in:] Governing Ambiguities, E. Bozzini, B. Enjolras (ed.), Nomos, Baden-Baden
Norton, P., 2005. Parliament in British Politics, Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke
Norton, P. 2011. The Con-Lib Agenda for the "New Politics" and Constitutional Reform [in:] The Cameron-Clegg Government. Coalition Politics in an Age of Austerity,
M. Beech, S. Lee (ed.) Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke
Nowacka, E. 2002. Reformy samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce, Wielkiej Brytanii i USA, Forum Naukowe, Wrocław
Osmond, J. 2005. Wales Towards 2007 [in:] The Dynamics of Devolution. State of the Nations, A. Trench (ed.), UCL, Exeter
Patchett, K. 2005. Principle of Pragmatism. Legislating for Wales by Westminster and Whitehall [in:] Devolution, Law Making and the Consitution, R. Hazzell, R. Rawlings, (ed.), Imprint Academic, Exeter
Peston, R., 2005. Brown’s Britain, Short Books, London
Philip, A.B., 1999. Regionalism in the United Kingdom [in:] Regionalism in the European Union, Wagstaff, P. (ed.), Intellect, Exeter and Portland
Pryce, H. 2011. J. E. Lloyd and the Creation of Welsh History: Renewing a Nation's Past, Univeristy of Wales Press, Cardiff
Radzik-Maruszak, K. 2012. Samorząd terytorialny w Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 1979-2010. Od nowego zarządzania publicznego do lokalnego współzarządzania, UMCS, Lublin
Rajca, L. 2012. Reformy samorządu terytorialnego w Anglii w latach 1997-2010, Europejskie Centrum Edukacyjne, Łysomice
Rawlings, R., 2005. Law Making In a Virtual Parliament: The Welsh Experience [in:] Devolution, Law Making and the Consitution, R. Hazzell, R. Rawlings (ed.), Imprint Academic, Exeter
Richards, P. 2004. Tony Blair in His Own Words, Politico, London
Rogers, R. Walters, R. 2006. How Parliament Works, 6th edition, Longman-Pearson, Essex
Smith, M.J. 1999. The Core Executive in Britain, Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke
Stoker, G. 2005. Joined-Up Government for Local and Regional Institutions [in:] Joined-Up Government, V. Bogdanor (ed.), Oxford Universiy Press, Oxford
http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263334.003.0007
Sully, M.A. 2000. The New Politics of Tony Blair, Columbia University Press, New York
Wagstaff, P., 1999. Introduction: Regions, Nations, Identities [in:] Regionalism in the European Union, P. Wagstaff (ed.), Intellect, Exeter and Portland
Wilson, D. 2005. The United Kingdom: An increasingly differentiated policy?
[in:] Comparing Local Governance. Trends and Developments, B. Denters, L.E. Rose (ed.), Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke
Zins, H. 2001. Historia Anglii, Ossolineum, Wrocław
Census for Wales, http://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/2011censuskeystatisticsforwales/2012-12-11#household-language (retrieved 21.03.22016)
National Assembly for Wales election results, http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/find-information-by-subject/elections-and-referendums/past-elections-and-referendums/national-assembly-for-wales-elections/national-assembly-for-wales-election-2011 (retrieved 22.03.2016)
Devolution Settlement Wales, 2013, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/devolution-settlement-wales (retrieved 23.03.2016)
Kirkup, J. 2013. Welsh Assembly to be given more financial powers, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/wales/10419221/Welsh-Assembly-to-be-given-more-financial-powers.html (retrieved: 22.03.2016)
Wales votes “yes”, 2011,http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/wales/8362368/Wales-votes-yes-to-more-devolved-powers.html (retrieved 22.03.2016)
Welsh Referendum 2011,http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-12648649
(retrieved 22.03.2016)
Welsh taxes, 2013, http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/welsh-taxes-place-2018-under-6856630 (retrieved 22.03.2016)
Williams, J. 2016. Brexit: Carwyn Jones 'never called for a Welsh veto, '
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-37396158 (retrieved 1.11.2016)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/k.2016.23.1.85
Date of publication: 2017-04-04 10:19:47
Date of submission: 2016-03-24 17:48:20
Statistics
Indicators
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.